Mehmet Akif Ersoy holds a special place in Turkish literature and history as the poet who gave voice to the nation’s struggles and aspirations through his timeless verses. Best remembered as the author of the Turkish National Anthem, İstiklal Marşı (The March of Independence), Ersoy was not only a gifted poet but also a patriot, intellectual, and moral guide for his people during one of the most turbulent periods in Turkey’s history.
Early Life and Education
Mehmet Akif Ersoy was born on December 20, 1873, in Istanbul. His father, a respected scholar of Albanian origin, and his Turkish mother ensured he received a strong religious and moral education. Ersoy studied at Fatih Merkez Rüştiyesi and later graduated from the Veterinary School, where he excelled in sciences and languages. He was fluent in Arabic, Persian, and French, which helped him engage with classical Islamic texts as well as modern European literature.
Literary Career and Style
Ersoy began writing poetry at an early age, contributing to various literary magazines. His works stood out for their clarity, realism, and moral depth. Unlike many poets of his era who focused on romanticism or personal expression, Ersoy used his pen to reflect the social and political realities of the Ottoman Empire and the emerging Turkish nation.
His poetic style was heavily influenced by classical Ottoman poetry and Islamic values, but he also embraced modern forms to connect with ordinary people. His most famous work is the poetry collection “Safahat”, consisting of seven volumes that capture his views on religion, morality, poverty, and national identity.
Role in the National Struggle
During the Turkish War of Independence (1919–1923), Mehmet Akif Ersoy became a leading figure in rallying the nation through his sermons, speeches, and poetry. His words inspired unity and resistance against foreign occupation.
In 1921, the Turkish Grand National Assembly held a competition to select a national anthem that would embody the spirit of independence and courage. Out of 724 entries, Ersoy’s poem, later known as İstiklal Marşı, was chosen for its deep patriotism, religious undertones, and emotional power. Ersoy famously refused the prize money, insisting that he wrote the anthem only for his homeland, not for personal gain.
The Turkish National Anthem – İstiklal Marşı
The anthem, adopted on March 12, 1921, reflects the resilience and faith of the Turkish people during their fight for sovereignty. Through powerful imagery and religious symbolism, Ersoy portrayed the Turkish nation as unyielding, faithful, and destined for independence. The anthem remains a central element of Turkish identity, symbolizing courage, sacrifice, and national pride.
Later Life and Legacy
After the establishment of the Republic, Mehmet Akif Ersoy lived for some time in Egypt, where he taught Turkish literature at Cairo University. He returned to Turkey shortly before his death on December 27, 1936, in Istanbul.
Today, Ersoy is remembered not only as the poet of the national anthem but also as a moral philosopher and cultural icon. His works continue to be studied in schools, and his unwavering patriotism makes him an enduring symbol of Turkey’s spirit.
Conclusion
Mehmet Akif Ersoy was more than just a poet; he was the conscience of a nation in transition. Through Safahat and, most importantly, the İstiklal Marşı, he articulated the values of faith, sacrifice, and freedom that shaped modern Turkey. His legacy endures as a reminder of the power of literature to inspire unity and preserve national identity.